Normal Blood Pressure Levels
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is expressed as two numbers:
- Systolic pressure: The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.
- Diastolic pressure: The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), normal blood pressure for women is:
- Systolic pressure: Less than 120 mm Hg
- Diastolic pressure: Less than 80 mm Hg
Blood Pressure Categories
The AHA has defined blood pressure categories for women as follows:
| Category | Systolic (mm Hg) | Diastolic (mm Hg) |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Elevated | 120-129 | Less than 80 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | 130-139 | 80-89 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | 140 or higher | 90 or higher |
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Several factors can affect blood pressure, including:
- Age
- Weight
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Physical activity
- Stress
- Certain medical conditions
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure often has no symptoms. However, in some cases, it can cause:
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Vision changes
Complications of High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can increase the risk of serious health problems, including:
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Kidney disease
- Eye damage
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Blood Pressure
Making healthy lifestyle changes can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. These changes include:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Getting regular exercise
- Quitting smoking
- Limiting alcohol intake
- Managing stress
Medications for High Blood Pressure
If lifestyle changes are not enough to lower blood pressure, medications may be needed. Several types of medications can be used to treat high blood pressure, including:
- Diuretics
- Beta-blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- ARBs
- Calcium channel blockers
Conclusion
Maintaining normal blood pressure is essential for good health. Women should know their blood pressure numbers and take steps to keep them within a healthy range.
