In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a surgical mask has become an essential health measure to protect ourselves and others from the spread of respiratory droplets. While surgical masks are widely available, it’s crucial to wear them correctly to maximize their effectiveness. Here’s a comprehensive guide with 10 easy steps to help you wear a surgical mask correctly:
Step 1: Wash Your Hands
Before handling the mask, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.
Step 2: Inspect the Mask
Unfold the mask and inspect it for any tears or damage.
Step 3: Determine the Top and Bottom
Most surgical masks have a colored side and a white side. The colored side should face outwards. There may also be a bendable metal strip at the top of the mask, which should be placed at the bridge of your nose.
Step 4: Position the Mask
Put the mask on your face, covering your nose, mouth, and chin. Make sure the mask fits snugly and there are no gaps around the edges.
Step 5: Secure the Metal Strip
Using both hands, gently mold the metal strip around the bridge of your nose to create a tight seal.
Step 6: Tie the Ear Loops
If your mask has ear loops, tie them securely behind your ears. Ensure the mask is taut but not too tight, as this can cause discomfort.
Step 7: Check for Gaps
With the mask in place, check for any gaps along the edges. If you notice any, adjust the mask or use tape to seal them.
Step 8: Avoid Touching the Mask
Once the mask is on, avoid touching it as much as possible. If you need to adjust it, do so using clean hands or a tissue.
Step 9: Replace When Necessary
Surgical masks are designed for one-time use. Discard the mask after 4-8 hours of use or sooner if it becomes soiled or wet.
Step 10: Dispose of Properly
When disposing of the mask, remove it by the ear loops and discard it in a lined trash can. Do not flush it down the toilet.
Wearing a surgical mask correctly is essential for several reasons:
- Personal Protection: Masks create a physical barrier that prevents respiratory droplets from entering your mouth and nose, reducing your risk of infection.
- Protecting Others: When you speak, cough, or sneeze, masks help trap respiratory droplets, minimizing the spread of germs to others.
- Prevention of Touching: Masks act as a reminder not to touch your face, which can transfer germs from your hands to your respiratory system.
There are two main types of surgical masks:
- Type I: Surgical masks that are tested to an efficiency of at least 95% against bacteria.
- Type II: Surgical masks that are tested to an efficiency of at least 98% against bacteria and 80% against viruses.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), surgical masks are highly effective in reducing the spread of respiratory droplets when worn correctly. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that wearing surgical masks reduced the risk of influenza transmission by up to 80%.
While surgical masks are an important protective measure, they have certain limitations:
- Not Impervious to Aerosols: Surgical masks do not completely prevent the transmission of airborne viruses, as they may leak around the edges.
- Limited Duration of Protection: Surgical masks must be replaced every 4-8 hours to maintain their effectiveness.
- Discomfort: Prolonged use of masks can cause discomfort, especially if they are not fitted correctly.
- Choose the Right Size: Masks come in different sizes. Choose one that fits your face snugly without gaps.
- Avoid Wearing Masks for Prolonged Periods: If you have to wear a mask for an extended period, take breaks to give your skin a rest.
- Dispose of Masks Properly: Do not reuse surgical masks. Discard them in the trash and wash your hands after handling them.
- Use a Mask Extender: If the ear loops are too tight, use a mask extender to relieve pressure on your ears.
Wearing a surgical mask correctly is a simple yet effective way to protect yourself and others from respiratory infections. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can ensure that your mask is providing maximum protection. Remember, it’s not just about wearing a mask, it’s about wearing it correctly. Let’s all do our part to stop the spread of germs and keep our communities healthy.
