Typhoon Signal 10: A Force to be Reckoned With
Typhoon Signal 10, the highest warning level for typhoons in Hong Kong, signifies an imminent threat of extremely severe winds. In the city’s history, only 29 Typhoon Signal 10s have been issued, leaving an enduring mark on Hong Kong’s collective memory.
| Date | Typhoon Name | Maximum Sustained Wind Speed (km/h) |
|---|---|---|
| September 12, 1937 | Unnamed | 165 |
| September 18, 1941 | Ellen | 165 |
| September 21, 1949 | Eileen | 230 |
| August 4, 1954 | Gloria | 165 |
| September 19, 1957 | Ruby | 185 |
| September 12, 1959 | Billie | 150 |
| July 20, 1960 | Mary | 175 |
| July 23, 1962 | Thelma | 165 |
| August 31, 1962 | Wanda | 150 |
| August 24, 1964 | Cora | 150 |
| September 1, 1968 | Shirley | 185 |
| April 10, 1970 | Harriet | 185 |
| July 15, 1971 | Rose | 185 |
| July 25, 1973 | Hope | 165 |
| August 9, 1975 | Nina | 185 |
| September 19, 1975 | Mary | 165 |
| August 12, 1979 | Hope | 165 |
| June 29, 1983 | Ellen | 165 |
| July 9, 1983 | Elsie | 185 |
| September 13, 1983 | Sarah | 185 |
| May 8, 1986 | Wayne | 185 |
| August 8, 1993 | Koryn | 185 |
| September 23, 1994 | Dot | 165 |
| August 19, 1996 | Alex | 185 |
| July 26, 1997 | Victor | 185 |
| September 15, 1999 | Sam | 185 |
| July 21, 2005 | Haitang | 185 |
| July 1, 2006 | Prapiroon | 185 |
| September 14, 2018 | Mangkhut | 205 |
The Devastating Impact: Lives, Infrastructure, and Economy
Typhoon Signal 10s have had a profound impact on Hong Kong, claiming countless lives, crippling infrastructure, and causing billions of dollars in economic losses.
Loss of Life: The deadliest Typhoon Signal 10 was Ellen in 1941, which claimed over 100 lives. Typhoon Ruby (1957) and Sarah (1983) also resulted in over 100 fatalities.
Infrastructure Damage: Typhoons can wreak havoc on Hong Kong’s infrastructure, particularly trees, power lines, and buildings. In 2018, Typhoon Mangkhut uprooted over 20,000 trees, while Typhoon Victor (1997) caused extensive damage to the city’s infrastructure, including the collapse of buildings.
Economic Losses: The economic impact of Typhoon Signal 10s is also significant. Typhoon Mangkhut caused an estimated HK$13.9 billion (US$1.78 billion) in losses, making it one of the costliest typhoons in Hong Kong’s history. The transportation sector, retail, and tourism industries suffer heavily during these events.
Preparing for the Worst: Lessons Learned
In the wake of these devastating typhoons, Hong Kong has implemented a comprehensive disaster preparedness system. Key measures include:
- Early Warning System: The Hong Kong Observatory provides timely and accurate weather forecasts and warnings, allowing residents to prepare for approaching typhoons.
- Evacuation Plans: The government has developed detailed evacuation plans for low-lying areas and other vulnerable communities.
- Infrastructure Improvements: Since Typhoon Ellen in 1941, Hong Kong has invested heavily in infrastructure improvements, including the construction of seawalls and the strengthening of buildings.
Stories of Resilience: Overcoming Adversity
Despite the challenges posed by Typhoon Signal 10s, Hong Kong’s resilience has been evident in the aftermath of these events. Community groups, volunteers, and the government have worked tirelessly to provide aid, support, and recovery assistance.
- Community Spirit: During Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018, volunteers came together to clear fallen trees, provide food and shelter, and support those in need.
- Government Assistance: The government has implemented a range of support measures for victims of typhoons, including financial assistance, temporary housing, and free medical care.
Conclusion: Embracing Hong Kong’s Typhoon Heritage
Typhoon Signal 10 is an integral part of Hong Kong’s identity. While these powerful storms can be devastating, they have also shaped the city’s resilience and preparedness. By embracing their history, Hong Kongers can ensure that future generations are equipped to withstand the challenges of these extreme weather events.
Tips and Tricks for Staying Safe During Typhoon Signal 10:
- Stay indoors and away from windows.
- Secure loose objects around your home.
- Have an emergency kit ready with food, water, and first aid supplies.
- Listen to local authorities for updates and evacuation instructions.
- Stay informed about weather forecasts and warnings.
